Assignment 5 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Task 5 - Essay Example All the more by and large, we can see that culturally diverse experiences don't generally end well for everyone included. Before understanding what a culturally diverse experience can do, it is imperative to comprehend what one is. In the broadest significance, such an experience could be depicted as any in which two distinct societies meet. All the more explicitly, it is one in which thoughts that are diverse between societies are traded, with differing results. On account of Benin, one of the trades was â€Å"the revelation of Benin workmanship by Europeans†. (Mackie 16) This can be found in the last section of the entry from Bacon, which expresses that a portion of the things found in the houses were â€Å"castings of superb delicacy of detail, and some sublimely cut tusks†. Out of sight, we can see that the Benin were maybe at first satisfied by contact with the West. Probably, they cheerfully exchanged for the â€Å"glass strolling sticks, old outfits, silly umbrellas†, etc that Bacon depicts as being in the greater part of the distribution centers. Be that as it may, the trade clearly went poorly for the Benin. In the setting Mackie gives us, we realize that Bacon is an intruder attempting to bring Benin â€Å"firmly under British control†. (Mackie 17) Although it isn't unequivocally referenced in the section, some feeling of this chilling purpose for the diverse experience can be found in the manner Bacon portrays the Benin individuals. Bacon was to a great extent neutral with what he found, thus the social trade which could have occurred was restricted by the Europeans existing preferences about the Benin individuals. The manner in which the section depicts the Benin as â€Å"natives† who were deceived by â€Å"the normal modest finery† fortifies that the Europeans just needed to control this distinctive culture for their own closures. The way that the section portrays the Benin in extremely negative tones somewhere else, for example, clarifying the â€Å"ruined and uninhabited houses† as being

Tex Richard Essays - Jack Dempsey, Tex Rickard, Rickard, Joe Gans

Tex Richard Tex Rickard: a mind-blowing account. The man who was known as Tex Rickard, was conceived on Jan 2, 1870 with the byname of George Lewis Rickard. He drove an existence of various occupations, I surmise you could state he was a handyman. His life, or the piece of it that managed the gold rush, was what I would state as, fleeting. Subsequent to bringing dairy cattle up in Texas, and controlling a little town as the town marshal he chose to proceed onward to something else. He moved to a little city in Nevada called Goldfield. Goldfield was a blast town, which happened with the assistance of gold, and the reality the Rickard set up a gambling club. Presently Tex didn't bring in his cash by digging for gold in California or in Nevada, yet rather he was an expert player, and battle advertiser. It is his last calling that he chose to stay with, and without a doubt, he was generally prosperous in this last employment. As a battle advertiser his life was dynamic. To plug the network he chose to advance the world lightweight title battle between Joe Gans and Oscar Nelson. The battle was a long one, in addition to the fact that it was all the more then the typical 12 rounds, however it was almost multiple times the ordinary, being 42 adjusts long. This would be the beginning of something significant for Rickard. In 1920 he dealt with Madison Square Garden, and in his new field he would arrange the initial million dollar battle, this would be the first of 5,000,000 dollar swarms. Rickards accomplishments didn't simply come to him by karma. He made boxing a game for all races and both the genders. He engaged the bigotry in individuals by representing a dark against a white. He likewise excited the loyalists in the nation by battling a draft dodger and a war legend, alongside this he set an American against an outsider. He was the primary advertiser to comprehend the individuals, and who had the option to control huge groups. All things considered, he was a warrior, player, digger (in the Yukon), and an advertiser, and was prosperous taking all things together. He assisted with changing the essence of the west by controlling where the individuals went, and helped California to develop, making him a significant man throughout the entire existence of California and the United States.

Classes Junior Spring Edition

Classes Junior Spring Edition It is another fascinating semester here at the Institute, and I would like to share it with you. Id also like to connect my experience to MIT academics in general. In the descriptions of 6.00 and 17.803, I talk about MIT problem sets. The 17.803 section also discusses why MIT right now is the best place to study social science. 24.03 and 24.191 illustrate how classes can be directly applicable to important current issues. WGS.151 and WGS.229 show that MITs Womens and Gender Studies courses can be about rigorous clinical research, unlike anything you’d imagine WGS to be. General summary: I am taking 6 classes for a total of 69 units of credit (courses are usually 12 units, but the poli sci lab is 15, and 24.191 is 6). Note that 6 = Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, 17 = Political Science, 24 = Philosophy and Linguistics, and WGS = Womens and Gender Studies (but the latter will also be counted towards my Political Science and Philosophy majors). 6.00 INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER SCIENCE AND PROGRAMMING Topics: 6.00 is known as an introduction to Python, but the professors are adamant about not making that the purpose of the course. 6.00 teaches you to think like a computer scientist. Here is a sampling of topics from first quarter to demonstrate what that entails: data structures, iteration and recursion as computational metaphors, abstraction of procedures and data types, organizing and modularizing systems using object classes and methods, different classes and complexity of algorithms, searching and sorting. Class Info: 6.00 is huge. It fills the largest lecture hall on campus, 26-100, with a capacity of 566. But it isn’t even the largest Course 6 class: some fill 26-100 and have to be live-streamed in additional rooms! Also, some of you may be familiar with this class by a different number. 6.00 is the sum of 6.0001 (Introduction to Computer Science Programming in Python, first quarter of 6.00) and 6.0002 (Introduction to Computational Thinking and Data Science, second quarter). Workload: 6.00 requires a lot of effort. In general, problem sets take me 8+ hours, with a max  of ~20. The lengths of psets demonstrate the Lecture-Pset Divergence phenomenon, which is common at MIT: 6.00 lectures introduce basic concepts (e.g. what a function looks like”) and the psets require the students to, say, program a whole game of Scrabble right after that. While I may complain about  the hours, I recognize that the problem sets contribute greatly to my learning. And, the most recent pset was about  space cowsâ€"how cool is that? Weve also had to program hangman and Scrabble. Making a working computer game on the 3rd week of class was quite empowering! 17.803 POLITICAL SCIENCE LABORATORY Class Info and Benefits: 17.803, a required class for Political Science majors, truly prepares you for future research. It is also a class best taken at MIT, as the Institute is on the forefront of quantitative social science research. Because of this, 17.803 not only teaches the classical Regression method, but also four others. This isn’t common, as the four methods have only become popular in the past ten years or so (the downside of new methods: much of the older social science research is now considered kind of wrong). Workload: 17.803 is a class about political science research design, statistics, and  R, the computer language of social scientists. It is not a humanities course, but rather a social science statistical lab. The past problems sets for the class have been about re-creating other political scientists’ work: justifying their assumptions, pointing out potential issues, and using their data to reconstruct figures and tables from the papers. I couldn’t think of a better way to practice the new material. And, at the end of the semester, we get to write our own research papers! I am currently working on mine, analyzing large data sets like the U.S. Census. Topics: 17.803 has made me appreciate my major (Political Science) even more by highlighting the complexities of causal inference (which are unfortunately ignored in media discussions of scientific studies). We have also read some fascinating papers, many by MIT political scientists, that answer questions like: Do UN interventions cause peace? (only post-civil-conflict interventions, more here) Does grassroots participation in corruption monitoring reduce corruption? (not really, as seen in Indonesia, more here) Do charter schools improve students’ test scores? (the Massachusetts urban charter school do, but the non-urban charter schools actually reduce achievement from the baseline, more here) Can foreign media reduce peoples support for totalitarian regimes? (for East German residents, West German TV actually increased support for the regime, more here) 24.03 GOOD FOOD: THE ETHICS AND POLITICS OF FOOD   Topics: Here’s a sampling of class topics from the syllabus: “In considering our food choices, we will discuss several specific moral issues: What sorts of moral obligations, if any, do we have toward non-human animals? How are our personal choices, e.g., about what to eat, related to global justice? What is the state’s responsibility to provide reliable information to consumers? Are we each individually morally required to take action to reduce global warming?” If these questions sound interesting, 24.03 is the class is for you! It will change how you approach ethical dilemmas. Bonus links to two of the earlier readings for the class: Famine, Affluence, and Morality by Peter Singer and Consider the Lobster by David Foster Wallace. Class Info and Workload: The lectures are wonderful, taught by my role model Professor Sally Haslanger (in fact, I took the class because she was teaching it). The discussions are also great. The readings are in philosophy, but mostly political philosophy, so the class doesn’t get too abstract and is directly applicable to real life. Also, the readings are neither difficult nor partcularly time consumingâ€"24.03 is an introductory Philosophy course. Fair warning: the essays are great for practicing making philosophical arguments, but they do get abstract. Note to future freshmen: 24.03 is designated as communication intensive (CI-H), but is one of the larger CI-H classes, so, if you still need CI-H credit, you should definitely consider taking 24.03 in the spring. It doesnt fill up as fast as the smaller CI-H courses. 24.191 BEING, THINKING, DOING (OR NOT): ETHICS IN YOUR LIFE Class Info and (sort of) Workload: I call 24.191 the “dinner seminar.” As 6-unit elective graded on Pass/D/Fail, It doesn’t contribute much to my academic record. Still, I am taking it for the second time. The basic structure of 24.191 is: come to class every Tuesday evening, eat fancy dinner, and listen to a cool speaker. The only assignments are: go to three events and write 300-word reflections about them. The events could be anything from a lecture by Noam Chomsky to an arts exhibitionâ€"the class actually encourages you to have cultured fun (and proves that not every MIT class is a challenge)! Topics and Benefits: Why even take 24.191? Well, beyond the free food and the fun requirements, it provides an overview of essential current topics. We get  some pretty remarkable speakers every week, like: Sally Haslanger: Ethics Boot camp (as noted earlier, Sally is an amazing person and a prominent professor; despite this, she communicates with students on a first-name basis) Seth Mnookin: The Responsibility of the Media (Seth is the head of the Science Writing program at MIT, one of about 4 Science Writing programs in the country; he has published pieces in outlets like Wired, The New York Times, and The Washington Post, and won the American Medical Writers Association Award for Excellence in Medical Writing for this piece in The New Yorker, which is my favorite ever example of longform journalism) Chris Robichaud, Harvard Kennedy School: Post-Truth Politics (Chris had a popular MOOC about truth and bullshit, the latter of which he considers an appropriate and important scientific term; he is also first recipient of the Innovations in Teaching Award at the Harvard Kennedy School) Myisha Cherry, Harvard University Dept of Philosophy: Political Anger (Myisha is the creator of the UnMute Podcast about using philosophy to address real-world issues; she has written for The Huffington Post, Enterpreneur.com, and  Salon.com; she is also a former music reviewer  and has appeared on BET). Juergen Scheffran,  Hamburg University, Germany: Military Research and Nuclear Disarmament (Professor Scheffran is the head of the Research Group on Climate Change and Security at the Cluster of Excellence CliSAP, Universität Hamburg) WGS.151 GENDER, HEALTH, AND SOCIETY WGS.151 is perfect for pre-med students interested in epidemiological research, or medical research in general. Although the first word in the course title is gender, the class is focused more on how to do epidemiological research overall, with gender as a theme. We read and discuss papers on topics like cardiovascular disease and hormone therapy, pregnancy and birth, gender identity and expression, and abortion. We then learn how to conduct similarly good epidemiological studies. The final project for the class is a proposal for your own  original study. Another awesome point about the class: the professor is also an instructor at Harvard Medical School and Boston Children’s Hospital. After all that, she comes to teach at MIT 7-10pm every Monday! After taking WGS.151, I highly recommend everyone to check out WGS courses, especially if you are pre-med. WGS.151 (and WGS.229, which is discussed next) have piqued my interest in the medical field, and I plan to explore it more through summer UROPs. MIT proves WGS classes do not have to be abstract and useless; they can be based on good quantitative research with important implications for, say, public healthâ€"this is a technical school, after all. WGS.229 RACE, CULTURE, AND GENDER IN THE US AND BEYOND: A PSYCHOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVE The instructor for this class is amazing (as are all my instructors, really). She works at the VA (Veterans’ Administration) during the day and then travels 1+ hours to MIT for a 7-10pm class (half of my classes this semester are in the evening, which means that most people I schedule day meetings with probably think I’m a slacker). The class itself is amazing too. Like 24.03 and 24.191, it helps you rethink life. However, unlike the philosophy courses, it backs its life lessons with rigorous clinical research on human development and interactions. In WGS.229, you will learn how to communicate with anyone about complex topics like race, culture, gender, and politics in general. You will learn to interpret your own identity and development. And you will learn to understand people and organizations better. Bonus: you will also start your path towards becoming a psychologist or other healthcare professional. All of these are soft skills that, as research shows, are more likely to lead to promotion than technical skills. Thus, even if you aren’t passionate about issues of race and gender, or about the field of psychology, this class is worth taking in order to thrive in an increasingly multicultural workplace. I have been changed by WGS.229â€"not many classes can do that for a student! Another bonus: for our first WGS.229 essay, we had to take and analyze several Implicit Association Tests (IATs), which you can also take and read about  here.   BONUS Other bloggers have written about their classes this year as well! Check out the linked posts by Joonho K. 20 (on freshman spring), Anelise N. 19 (on costume design class), Fiona M. 20 (on glassblowing class), Erick P. 17 (42!), Anelise N. 19 (on studying Spanish in Madrid), Alexa J. 20 (on freshman IAP and spring), Ben O. 19 (on studying Chinese), Abby H. 20 (on studying history in Greece), Joonho K. 20 (on IAP), Allan K. 17 (on senior fall), Krystal L. 17 (also on senior fall), Joonho K. 20 (on freshman fall, yay PNR!), Phoebe C. 18 (on junior fall), and  Allan K. 17 (notes from senior fall). Links arranged chronologically. Post Tagged #6.00 #6.0001 #6.0002

What Successful Economies Do Is Keep It For A Minimum

‘Corruption, embezzlement, fraud, these are all characteristics which exist everywhere. It is regrettably the way human nature functions, whether we like it or not. What successful economies do is keep it to a minimum. No one has ever eliminated any of that stuff.’ Alan Greenspan, Federal Reserve Chairman (1987-2006) (Batra, R, 2005) Introduction In 300 B.C, a Greek sea merchant named Hegestratos engineered one of the earliest recorded cases of fraud when he ‘took out an insurance on a boat for a large sum’. At the moment when Hegestratos took this antique insurance policy, also know as bottomry, he already had the intention of sinking his own boat halfway through his next trip. His goal was to collect the insurance money. He†¦show more content†¦The buyers are exposed to many risks. Indeed, the finance sector is highly dependent on information and how this information is shared in the market. The quality of a financial product is often identified a long time after the original transaction. Regulation is indispensable in order to protect the consumers from misinformation or fraud. There are many different agents operating in a same market, such as institutions or individuals, with very different levels of expertise. One of the roles of financial regulators is to ensure that the most vulnerable are not be ing wronged. That is why the regulatory system is carrying out tasks to prohibit the sale of certain financial products and specifying where they can be sold. (Goodhart, C, 2013) The reality of systemic risk made the task of regulating the financial system increasingly complicated, as the crises aren’t contained in one country or market. The extreme inter-dependence between the different agents is the main reason why we need regulation today, as some misconducts can cause a domino effect, affecting markets globally. The structure of the banking system in itself explains this process. In the finance industry, banks borrow money from other banks. If one bank fails, the one who lent the funds in the first place might also follow the same path, creating panic in the markets. The government’s first prerogative is to protect its citizens from these

Neural Technology Brain Computer Interface - 934 Words

Neural technology is a field of engineering that specializes in taking information that is present in the brain and translating it to a medium that can be understood by a wide range of people. One of the ways this is done is with systems that take information directly from the brain and enable control over a computerized system. These are referred to as brain computer interfaces, also known as BCIs. Brain-computer interface (BCI) technology decodes neural signals in real time to control external devices (Rouse). With many varying potential applications, it is possible to see BCIs applied to many aspects of everyday life. This could include- but is not limited to- limb replacement, advanced computer systems, and brain monitoring. For each of the different uses a brain-to-computer interface has there is a different system developed. One of the forms of Brain-Computer Interfaces is a neural interface. â€Å"Neural interface (NI) systems offer a novel approach to restore lost function and to diagnose or manage nervous system disorders† (Donoghue). They can either be directly in contact with the brain tissue or located in remote areas (Donoghue). â€Å"We have previously shown that people with long-standing tetraplegia can use a neural interface system to move and click a computer cursor and to control physical devices† (Hochberg). Many engineers and scientists in the field of neural technology and using these interface systems to allow people, people who have lost the ability to moveShow MoreRelatedBrain-Computer Interfaces1221 Words   |  5 Pages Until recently, our relationship with technology has been limited to physical and direct command. To get a device to take action, you mu st touch it, or speak to it. All of this could change with this new technology called, brain-computer interfaces. This amazing technology will not only revamp military applications, but most importantly help the medical community substantially. It brings the possibility of sound to the deaf, sight to the blind and movement to the physically challengedRead MoreNeural Prosthetics And Its Effects1741 Words   |  7 Pagesto regain some of what we had lost or have never hard, through neural prosthetics. In this essay, I will be dissecting and explaining what exactly neural prosthetics are while delving into its past, its current present applications while making comparisons to other similar technologies, and its future and potential uses. With only a very recent history, neural prosthetics is quickly becoming more and more relevant by the year. Neural prosthetics are already helping thousands of people, from peopleRead MoreThe Future Of Neuroscience : From Sci Fi1559 Words   |  7 Pageskick while wearing a robotic exoskeleton controlled by his brain. The high-tech demonstration was orchestrated by Duke University neuroscientist Miguel Nicolelis, as part of the Walk Again Project [2], to develop and implement a brain-machine interface to allow severely paralyzed patients to regain mobility. The sight of such futuristic technology straight out of the Iron Man movie becoming a reality is simply exhilarating. The human brain has often been referred to as the final frontier of scienceRead MoreFrom Toys to Practicality: Brain Computer Interface Technology900 Words   |  4 PagesPracticality: Brain Computer Interface Technology The idea of Brain Computer Interface (BCI) technology is the subject of high interest for many people and families of the person experiencing considerable physical impairments, such as those with Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). This knowledge is recognized by several monitors, such as BCI, Brain-Machine Interface (BMI), neuro-brain transmission and Direct Brain Interface (DBI). Conventional computer input and assistive technology devices dependRead MoreBrain Computer Interface2272 Words   |  10 Pages1. Introduction: Modifying the human body or enhancing our cognitive abilities using technology has been a long-time dream for many people. An increasing amount of research tries to link the human brain with machines allowing humans to control their environment through their thoughts. Research on BCIs began in the 1970s, but it wasnt until the mid-1990s that the first working experimental implants in humans appeared. Following years of animal experimentation, early working implants in humans nowRead MoreThe Lateral Sclerosis ( Als ) Is A Neurodegenerative Disease That Causes Loss Of Motor Neurons And Progressive Weakness1476 Words   |  6 Pagesbenefit greatly from the use of a brain computer interface (BCI)(Birbaumer, 2006; Coyle, Ward, Markham, McDarby, 2004). BCI can help individuals communicate without relying on muscular control, which is critical for clinical populations of neuromuscular disease patients, such ALS (Wolpaw, 2002). The use of BCI can enable communication and increase quality of life but to date the effects of mental fatigue have been ignored. However, the current state of BCI technology and overall usability is not advancedRead MoreModern Robotic Arms1416 Words   |  6 PagesINTRODUCTION Mind-melding as between the machines and animal is not something never heard of. The researchers have tried to attempt it since as early as the beginning of 1970s. Some studies in the past within interfaces of brain-machine have enabled the monkeys to gain control of the robotic arms as well as the people who were paralyzed to control the cursors over the screen. Even then the researchers could not know it at all if the humans would be able to control the robotic arms for performingRead MoreBBCI Essay977 Words   |  4 PagesHigh Data Rate Wireless Communications for Brain-Computer Interfaces Overview: To achieve full success in experiments on brain plasticity, bi-directional brain computer interfaces (BBCIs) must deliver activity-dependent stimulation for extended periods of time in unconstrained environments [1]. BBCIs are neuroprosthetics used for fundamental research in neurophysiology and neural rehabilitation. The ability to stimulate the brain in response to single neuron action potentials have allowed for high-fidelityRead More Neural Interfacing Essay1123 Words   |  5 PagesNeural Interfacing In the motion picture â€Å"RoboCop† scientists during a future time implanted a human head into the body of a futuristic robot creating an almost unstoppable police officer. During 1987, when this movie was produced, the idea of man combining with machine was considered pure fantasy. However, advances in technology in the year 2000 and further studies in recent years have proven that this idea may, in time, become a reality. On October 13th 2003, sciencedaily.com in theirRead MoreA Paper Presentation on Brain Controlled Car for Disabled Using Artificial Intelligence1667 Words   |  7 PagesA Paper Presentation on BRAIN CONTROLLED CAR FOR DISABLED USING ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE Submitted on the event of Zeitgeist’09 At UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

African Societies Transformed Free Essays

Walter Rodney explains how different tribes In Africa survived or were defeated. The Bilbao were one of the tribes most mentioned which lead me to believe that they were very well off. Rodney then went on to describe how they were able to survive. We will write a custom essay sample on African Societies Transformed or any similar topic only for you Order Now I will discuss why I believe they did survive so long and so well. First off, I do not agree with how the Bijou handled their survival. Raging war and capturing your own neighbors Is what the Balboa had to do though. Rodney describes the tribe as geared towards war and the men were great warriors (56). The Bijou would burn down a village and If the people fought on their way from the burning huts, the Bilbao men would cut them to pieces. The ones that did not fight would be taken captive for the Europeans. Sine the Bilbao tribe were such great warriors. They were very near able to avoid enslavement of their own people. Along with their talent of fighting, they were very easily manipulated by the Europeans. Because the Bilbao were so easily manipulated, the Europeans could get however many slaved they wanted or needed. Like I mentioned before, I do not agree with their way of survival but at the same time I can understand why they did what they did. Being under the thumb of the Europeans is better than being a slave. I do believe that that was their same logic as well. Considering their situation, I would Greer just this once, that I would have done what they did to at least have a 90% chance of survival. Rodney, Walter. African Societies Were Transformed by the Slave Trade. Oxford university Press: Copy Right 1970. African Societies Transformed By Jellyroll How The Bilbao Survived Walter Rodney explains how different tribes in Africa survived or were defeated. The First off, I do not agree with how the Bilbao handled their survival. Raging war and capturing your own neighbors is what the Bilbao had to do though. Rodney describes the tribe as geared towards war and the men were great warriors (56). The Bilbao would burn down a village and if the people fought on their way from the burning huts, the Bilbao men would cut them to pieces. The ones that did not fight would be taken captive for the Europeans. Sine the Bilbao tribe were such great warriors, they of fighting, they were very easily manipulated by the Europeans. Agree Just this once, that I would have done what they did to at least have a 90%. How to cite African Societies Transformed, Papers

What is popular culture and why is it such a big part of life in the UK Essay Example For Students

What is popular culture and why is it such a big part of life in the UK? Essay According to Strinati (2004), popular culture is produced by commercial industries for markets of consumers must be a major factor influencing this relationship. If this is so, it must play a crucial part in shaping any meanings and ideas contained in the popular culture produced and consumed. In the modern age, the popular culture has demonstrated diversification. Miller and McHoul (1998:3) point out that the popular is marked by hierarchies of artistic value, with European high art and the philosophical aesthetics of western ruling classes set against the entertainment that people purchase from the commercial world. We will write a custom essay on What is popular culture and why is it such a big part of life in the UK? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now There is a tendency that popular culture as postmodern culture is going to be accepted by the commercial society. The films, the sports, the magazines, and almost popular forms are advertised by postmodernism. So much as people may experience the first time when they hear Ewis Cosetllo with the familiarity of background pop in the kitchen without any surprise. It is hard to say the tendency is determined by the commercial society, but it is really related with the development of the commercial society. Carey (1992:34) has shown the truths that the existing models of communication are less an analysis than a contribution to the chaos of modern culture. Modern media of communications widen the range of reception while narrowing the range of distribution (Carey, 1992:136). People should admit that the media development relies on the commercial development, while the media development is promoting the commercial information and cultural dissemination. It should be said that popular culture has become a big part of the peoples daily life. Conclusion: Popular culture is driven by economic interest obviously. The term Popular culture refers to sets of values, beliefs, trends or modes of symbolic expression readily available to and acknowledged by the masses McCluskey (2006). British popular culture along with the transformation of cultural elements is changing all the time. And the transformation indeed is by far a phenomenon decided by the economical condition at current trend. In the past, working class did the main role in popular culture. The forms were quite simple, just as different performance including singing, dancing, speaking. Because people barely read or write available to and acknowledged by the masses. McCluskey (2006) states that British popular culture is not restricted in audience to the working class majority, but can be seen to bind disparate cultural elements in Britain and challenge fading traditional class structures. Reference: Alan McCluskey (2006) British Culture Toby Miller and Alec McHoul(1998) Popular Culture and Everyday Life. London: SAGE Publications John Storey (2003) Inventing popular culture Blackwell publish Andrew Horrall (2001) popular culture in London c. 1890-1918: the transformation of entertainment Manchester university press Dominic Strinati (2004) An introduction to theories of popular culture Bodmin James W. Carey (1992) Communication as culture : essays on media and society Great Britain: Routledge